What can aspiration potentially lead to in patients?

Aspiration can potentially lead to pneumonia or death due to the introduction of foreign materials, such as food or liquid, into the lungs. When an individual aspirates, these substances can cause inflammation and infection in the lungs, leading to aspiration pneumonia. This type of pneumonia occurs specifically when bacteria present in the aspirated material multiply and trigger an immune response. In severe cases, aspiration can lead to a decline in respiratory function, systemic infection, and even death, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly or those with compromised immune systems. Thus, the potential risks associated with aspiration highlight the importance of proper swallowing techniques and ensuring that patients receive assistance when necessary during meals.